Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and eventual insulin deficiency. Unlike type 1 diabetes, it typically develops in adulthood and is strongly linked to lifestyle factors, though genetics play a major role.
Symptoms you should not ignore
Frequent urination, excessive thirst, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, slow wound healing, and blurred vision are classic symptoms. However, many people have no symptoms in early stages and are only diagnosed through routine screening.
Diagnosis
HbA1c of 6.5% or higher, fasting glucose of 126 mg/dL or higher, or random glucose of 200 mg/dL with symptoms confirms the diagnosis. A single abnormal test should be repeated to confirm.
Treatment approach
Start with lifestyle modification (diet, exercise, weight loss of 5-10%). If HbA1c remains above target, first-line medication is metformin. Second-line options now include GLP-1 agonists (semaglutide, liraglutide), SGLT-2 inhibitors, or DPP-4 inhibitors depending on comorbidities.
Can it be reversed?
Yes, in many early-stage cases. The DIRECT trial showed 46% of patients achieved remission with intensive weight loss. The earlier you intervene, the higher the chance of reversal.